Corneal Graft Infections: What They Are and How to Stay Safe
If you’ve had a corneal transplant, the last thing you want is an infection messing up your vision. Unfortunately, infections can happen after any eye surgery, and they’re called corneal graft infections. Knowing why they occur, what symptoms to watch for, and how to lower your risk can keep your eyes clear and comfortable.
Why Infections Slip In After a Graft
During a corneal transplant the surgeon replaces damaged tissue with donor tissue. That new layer is vulnerable until it fully bonds with the surrounding eye. Bacteria, fungi, or even viruses can sneak in through tiny openings left by stitches, contact lenses, or an eyelid that doesn’t close properly. Common culprits include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and fungal spores from the environment.
Another hidden risk is the use of eye drops with steroids. Steroids calm inflammation but they also weaken the eye’s natural defenses, giving microbes a chance to grow. That’s why doctors carefully balance steroid strength and duration after surgery.
Spotting an Infection Early
The sooner you notice trouble, the easier it is to treat. Typical signs of a corneal graft infection are:
- Redness that spreads beyond the usual surgical area
- Pain or a gritty feeling that gets worse over days
- Blurred vision that doesn’t improve with regular eye drops
- Swelling of the eyelid or the white part of the eye (sclera)
- A sudden increase in light sensitivity (photophobia)
If any of these pop up, call your eye surgeon right away. Delaying treatment can lead to scarring, graft failure, and permanent vision loss.
Practical Steps to Prevent Infections
Prevention is mostly about hygiene and following post‑op instructions:
- Wash your hands before touching your eyes or applying drops. Use soap and dry them well.
- Avoid contact lenses until your doctor gives the green light. Even soft lenses can trap bacteria.
- Keep eye drops clean. Don’t touch the tip to any surface, and replace bottles as directed.
- Wear protective eyewear if you’re in dusty or windy environments. A simple shield reduces airborne microbes.
- Stick to the medication schedule. Skipping doses or stopping steroids early can invite infection.
Some doctors also recommend a short course of prophylactic antibiotics after surgery. If you’re prescribed them, finish the full bottle—even if your eye feels fine.
Treatment Options When an Infection Hits
If an infection is confirmed, treatment will depend on the organism:
- Bacterial infections usually need intensive antibiotic eye drops, sometimes combined with oral antibiotics.
- Fungal infections are tougher and often require antifungal drops like natamycin plus oral meds.
- Viral cases (rare) may need antiviral medication and a temporary increase in steroids to control inflammation.
Your surgeon might also lift some stitches or perform a small wash of the eye to clear debris. In severe cases, a repeat graft could be necessary, but that’s a last resort.
When to See Your Doctor Again
Even after the infection clears, schedule a follow‑up check. The doctor will assess graft stability and adjust any ongoing drops. If you notice new redness or vision changes weeks later, don’t wait—book an appointment.
Corneal graft infections are scary, but they’re manageable with early detection and proper care. Keep your eye routine simple, stay vigilant about symptoms, and trust your surgeon’s advice. Your transplanted cornea can stay healthy and give you the clear vision you deserve.
