Radiation Therapy: What It Is and How It Works
Radiation therapy uses high‑energy rays to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. Doctors aim the beams right at the problem area while trying to spare healthy tissue. Most sessions last just a few minutes, but you might need several visits over weeks. The idea is simple: damage the DNA of cancer cells so they can’t grow or spread.
Even though the concept sounds high‑tech, the process is routine in many hospitals. A team that includes an oncologist, radiation therapist and physicist plans each step. They use scans to map where the beams should go and test the plan before your first treatment.
Main Types of Radiation Treatment
There are three common ways doctors deliver radiation:
- External beam radiotherapy (EBRT): A machine outside your body points the beams at the tumor. This is the most widely used method.
- Brachytherapy: Small radioactive sources are placed inside or next to the tumor, often for prostate or cervical cancer.
- Systemic radiation: Radioactive pills or liquids travel through your bloodstream and target cancer cells wherever they are.
Each type has its own pros. EBRT can treat large areas, brachytherapy gives a high dose right at the source, and systemic options work for cancers that have spread.
Managing Side Effects & Getting the Most Out of Your Sessions
Side effects depend on where you’re treated. Skin irritation, fatigue and mild nausea are common. You might notice redness similar to a sunburn—keep the area clean and use gentle moisturizers if your doctor says it’s OK.
Staying hydrated helps with fatigue. Try short walks between sessions if you feel up to it; light activity can boost energy levels. If you’re dealing with mouth or throat irritation, sip cool drinks and avoid spicy foods.
Talk to your care team about any new symptoms. They can adjust the dose or add medicines to ease discomfort. Remember, most side effects improve after treatment ends.
Preparing for each appointment also makes a difference. Wear comfortable clothing without metal zippers or buttons near the treatment site. Arrive early so you have time to relax and ask any last‑minute questions.
Radiation therapy is a powerful tool in the fight against cancer, but it works best when patients understand what’s happening and how to care for themselves during the process. Keep these tips handy, stay in touch with your medical team, and focus on one day at a time.
